一国两制

'一国两制' is the constitutional principle that has governed Hong Kong since its return to China in 1997. It promises that within the one country of China, Hong Kong can retain its distinct economic and political systems, including its capitalist economy, independent judiciary, and freedoms of speech and press. This concept is the bedrock of Hong Kong's autonomy and its unique global position. For Mandarin learners, this is arguably one of the most important political phrases to know when discussing Hong Kong. It's frequently used in the news, by politicians, and in academic discussions to describe the city's fundamental governing framework and its relationship with mainland China.